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| McKinley L. Burnett, President of the Topeka branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 1948-1963. Loan from Marita Davis, Kansas Collection, University of Kansas Libraries. |
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 Local attorneys for Topeka plaintiffs, Charles Scott, John Scott, Elisha Scott, Charles Bledsoe. Courtesy Charles S. Scott Collection, Kansas Collection, University of Kansas Libraries. Courtesy Washburn Alumni Review, Dec. 1989. |
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The Brown case challenging segregation in Topeka was filed in federal court in 1951. Topeka attorneys cooperated with attorneys from the N.A.A.C.P. Legal Defense and Educational Fund as indicated in the letter from Bob Carter to Charles Scott in 1952. Courtesy Charles S. Scott Collection, Kansas Collection, University of Kansas Libraries. |
| "EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAWS" | ||||
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| Cases from Virginia, South Carolina, Delaware and the District of Columbia were joined with the Kansas case before the United States Supreme Court. The Court heard further arguments on ending segregation in the following months and years. |
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Section 1 of the 140 Amendment to the Constitution of the United States guaranteed "equal protection of the laws". In deciding the Brown case the Supreme Court refuted the separate-but-equal doctrine. Children from the four states and city of Washington, D.C., whose education was at issue in the 1954 Supreme Court decision banning school segregation. |
 Marshall sought advice from local attorney, Charles S. Scott, in April 1955. Courtesy Charles S. Scott Cllection, Kansas Collection University of Kansas Libraries. |
 Thurgood Marshall (1908-1993), shown here about 1940 reading aloud, became director-counsel of the N.A.A.C.P. Legal Defense Fund, Inc. Marshall argued the Brown case before the United States Supreme Court. Courtesy Library of Congress. |
 "Jim Crow" school in South. Courtesy Amistad Research Center. |
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