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| SEEKING LIBERATION IN THE PROMISED LAND | |
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| The desire for better schooling motivated many African Americans to settle in Kansas during and after the Civil War. Unlike the South, white public opinion in Kansas favored schooling for African Americans. |  Migration to Kansas, Harper's Weekly, 1862. Courtesy Kansas State Historical Society. The first stops for refugees were Union Army camps where some schooling was provided. Migration increased the African American population in Kansas from 627 in 1860 to over 17,000 by 1870. |
 Courtesy Kansas State Historical Society. KANSAS EMANCIPATION LEAGUE FRIENDS OF IMPARTIAL FREEDOM, Leavenworth, 1862 |
Initiated by Quakers, Dunlap Academy was a mission school established for the African American settlement in Morris County, Kansas in the 1870's. Courtesy Kansas State Historical Society.  The settlers of Nicodemus, an African American frontier town, founded the first school in Graham County, Kansas about 1880. |
Pupils assembled outside the African American public school in Leavenworth, Kansas, 1878. Courtesy Kansas State Historical Society.   To raise funds for a vocational school for African Americans in Columbus, Kansas, Quaker preacher and missionary, Elizabeth Comstock sold this photograph. Courtesy Kansas Collection, University of Kansas Libraries. |
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